Copy and paste the following text into a blank Word document, making all the text 11 pt. Times New Roman. Fix all the errors. Put a page break before the second section. Be sure to type your name in a header and print when completed.
Works Cited
Lorain, John. Nature and Reason Harmonized in the Practice of Husbandry. Philadelphia: Carey, 1825. Print.
Allen, R.L. The American Farm Book; or Compend of American Agriculture; Being a Practical Treatise on Soils, Manures, Draining, Irrigation, Grasses, Grain, Roots, Fruits, Cotton, Tobacco, Sugar Cane, Rice, and Every Staple Product of the United States with the Best Methods of Planting, Cultivating, and Preparation for Market. New York: Saxton, 1849. Print.
1. Demaree, Albert Lowther. The American Agricultural Press 1819-1860. New York: Columbia UP, 1941. Print.
2. Baker, Gladys L., Wayne D. Rasmussen, Vivian Wiser, and Jane M. Porter. Century of Service: The First 100 Years of the United States Department of Agriculture. [Federal Government], 1996. Print.
3. Drown, William and Solomon Drown. Compendium of Agriculture or the Farmer’s Guide, in the Most Essential Parts of Husbandry and Gardening; Compiled from the Best American and European Publications, and the Unwritten Opinions of Experienced Cultivators. Providence, RI: Field, 1824. Print.
4. Danhof, Clarence H. Change in Agriculture: The Northern United States, 1820-1870. Cambridge, MA: Harvard UP, 1969. Print.
Nicholson, John. The Farmer’s Assistant; Being a Digest of All That Relates to Agriculture and the Conducting of Rural Affairs; Alphabetically Arranged and Adapted for the United States. [Philadelphia]: Warner, 1820. Print.
5. “Historical Census Browser.” University of Virginia Library. 2007. Web. 6 Dec. 2008.
6. Hurt, R. Douglas. American Agriculture: A Brief History. Ames, IA: Iowa State UP, 1994. Print.
7. Morrill Land Grant Act of 1862. Prairie View A&M. 2003. Web. 6 Dec. 2008.
Correctly format the parenthetical citations listed in the bold type:
One result of the newly circulating print information was the “need for acquiring scientific information upon which could be based a rational technology” that could “be substituted for the current diverse, empirical practices” (This quote is in the book Changes in Agriculture, page 69). In his 1825 book Nature and Reason Harmonized in the Practice of Husbandry, John Lorain begins his first chapter by stating that “[v]ery erroneous theories have been propagated” resulting in faulty farming methods (from the book Nature and Reason Harmonized in the Practice of Husbandry, page 1). His words here create a framework for the rest of his book, as he offers his readers narratives of his own trials and errors and even dismisses foreign, time-tested techniques farmers had held on to: “The knowledge we have of that very ancient and numerous nation the Chinese, as well as the very located habits and costumes of this very singular people, is in itself insufficient to teach us . . .” (This quote is from the Historical Census Browser ). His book captures the call and need for scientific experiments to develop new knowledge meant to be used in/on/with American soil, which reflects some farmers’ thinking of the day.
By the 1860s, the need for this knowledge was strong enough to affect education. John Nicholson anticipated this effect in 1820 in the “Experiments” section of his book The Farmer’s Assistant; Being a Digest of All That Relates to Agriculture and the Conducting of Rural Affairs; Alphabetically Arranged and Adapted for the United States: “Perhaps it would be well, if some institution were devised, and supported at the expense of the State, which would be so organized as would tend most effectually to produce a due degree of emulation among Farmers” (This quote is from The Farmer’s Assistant, page 82). Part of Nicholson’s hope was realized in 1837 when Michigan established their state university, specifying that “agriculture was to be an integral part of the curriculum” (This quote is from Century of Service: The First 100 Years of the United States Department of Agriculture, page 122). Not much was accomplished, however, much to the dissatisfaction of farmers, and in 1855, the state authorized a new college to be “devoted to agriculture and to be independent of the university” (This quote is from The American Farm Book , page 783). The government became more involved in the creation of agricultural universities in 1862 when President Lincoln passed the Morrill Land Grant College Act, which begins with this phrase: “AN ACT Donating Public Lands to the several States and Territories which may provide Colleges for the Benefit of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts [sic].” The first agricultural colleges formed under the act suffered from a lack of trained teachers and “an insufficient base of knowledge,” and critics claimed that the new colleges did not meet the needs of farmers .
